Psychology Atlas

How The Mind Works
Schools and Movements

Transpersonal Psychology

Also Known As Fourth Force Psychology

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Transpersonal psychology is the school of psychology, sometimes called the fourth force after psychoanalysis, behaviorism and humanistic psychology, that studies spiritual and transcendent aspects of human experience, including mystical states, self-transcendence and the holistic development of human potential. Abraham Maslow, Stanislav Grof and Anthony Sutich established it as a distinct movement in the late 1960s and co-founded the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology in 1969.

Facts
Central Question
How do human experiences of spirituality, altered states of consciousness and a sense of identity extending beyond the individual ego contribute to psychological health and human potential? 1
Founded Year
1969 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Founded By

In Branch

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Transpersonal Psychology
Wikimedia FoundationOrigins section
Quote, Origins section
Abraham Maslow was in close dialogue with both Grof and Sutich regarding the name and orientation of the new field, later describing transpersonal psychology as a 'fourth force' in psychology.
1. Wikipedia: Transpersonal Psychology
Wikimedia FoundationFounded By: Abraham Maslow, Formative period section
Quote, Founded By: Abraham Maslow, Formative period section
In 1969, Maslow, Grof and Sutich were among the initiators behind the publication of the first issue of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.
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