Studies and Experiments
Pavlov's Dog Experiments
PAHV-lawf (Russian: Павлов)
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Beginning in the 1890s, Ivan Pavlov paired a neutral stimulus, such as the sound of a metronome, with food until dogs began salivating to the stimulus alone, absent food, establishing the terminology of unconditioned stimulus, neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus. Later analysis found the conditioned and unconditioned responses were not identical (a dog's saliva differed in composition between the two), complicating a simple stimulus-substitution account.
Facts
Key FindingDogs learned to salivate to a previously neutral stimulus once it was repeatedly paired with food, demonstrating classical conditioning. 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
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Pavlov's dogs experiments are the founding demonstration of classical conditioning.
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Sources
1. Wikipedia: Classical conditioning
Wikimedia FoundationPavlov's dogs sectionQuote, Pavlov's dogs section
after a few repetitions, the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus
1. Wikipedia: Classical conditioning
Wikimedia Foundationbody textQuote, body text
published the experimental results in 1897
1. Wikipedia: Classical conditioning
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Classical Conditioning, Article body, section on Pavlov's original observations and the metronome-pairing procedureQuote, Associated With: Classical Conditioning, Article body, section on Pavlov's original observations and the metronome-pairing procedure
Putting these informal observations to an experimental test, Pavlov presented a stimulus (e.g. the sound of a metronome) and then gave the dog food; after a few repetitions, the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus.
Wikipedia: Ivan Pavlov
Wikimedia FoundationConducted By: Ivan Pavlov, intro paragraphQuote, Conducted By: Ivan Pavlov, intro paragraph
known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs
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