Psychology Atlas

How The Mind Works
Psychological Phenomena

Pygmalion Effect

Social Biases and Group Effects

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The Pygmalion effect is the phenomenon in which higher expectations placed on a person lead to improved performance from that person, operating as a self-fulfilling prophecy in which the expectation itself, and the way it changes how the expecting party treats the person, brings about the very outcome expected. It has been studied most extensively in classrooms, where a teacher's elevated expectations of a student have been shown to measurably raise that student's performance, and also in workplace and military training settings. Psychologists Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson gave the effect its landmark demonstration in 1968, in a study in which teachers were falsely told that certain randomly selected students were about to show unusual intellectual growth.

Facts
Core Claim
When someone in a position of authority genuinely expects better performance from a person, that expectation itself, through changed treatment, tends to produce the better performance. 1
First Described Year
1968 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Lenore Jacobson, Psychologists

Co-originated the effect with Robert Rosenthal.

The founding 1968 classroom study that first demonstrated the effect.

Robert Rosenthal, Psychologists

Co-originated the effect with Lenore Jacobson.

In Branch

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Pygmalion Effect
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Quote, Lead section
The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area.
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1. Wikipedia: Pygmalion Effect
Wikimedia FoundationHistory sectionView the Source
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