Psychology Atlas

How The Mind Works
Psychological Phenomena

Anchoring Effect

Decision-Making and Judgment Biases

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The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias in which a person's later judgments or numeric estimates are pulled toward an initial reference point, or anchor, that they were exposed to, even when that anchor is arbitrary or irrelevant to the actual decision. Once an anchor is set, subsequent estimates tend to be adjusted from it, but the adjustment is usually insufficient, leaving the final judgment biased toward the anchor. The psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman gave the effect its classic experimental demonstration in 1974, as part of their broader research program on judgment heuristics and biases.

Facts
Core Claim
An initial number or reference point, even an arbitrary one, measurably pulls a person's subsequent estimates toward itself. 1
First Described Year
1974 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Amos Tversky, Psychologists

Gave the effect its classic 1974 experimental demonstration with Kahneman.

Daniel Kahneman, Psychologists

Gave the effect its classic 1974 experimental demonstration with Tversky.

In Branch

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Anchoring Effect
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Quote, Lead section
The anchoring effect is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual's judgments or decisions are influenced by a reference point or "anchor" which can be completely irrelevant.
1. Wikipedia: Anchoring Effect
Wikimedia FoundationExperimental findings section
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